Wednesday, 15 April 2015

How to book Scrap in Inventory Management

How to book Scrap in Inventory Management 

Business  Example:

In any manufacturing industry, lot of materials are getting rejected for various reason. Out of such rejected materials, Some materials can not be reworked/reprocessed. Such materials , need to be declared as scrap and move out from inventory management. Some times,machines are also getting scrapped.

Scrap can get generated while processing some mechanical jobs on mechanical ,automobile industries. e.g. Threading operation on nut and bolt.

In chemical industry,e.g. soap manufacturing industry, some part of soap is getting scrapped while cutting or molding.

In furniture manufacturing industry, while processing wooden block, carving out wooden block, extra materials is getting scrapped.

During Quality testing , some materials are subjected to destructive testing, Such materials can be moved as scrap.

Some materials having shelf life in pharmaceutical industry, chemical industry. Expired shelf life materials need to processed as scrap. 


How to map business process in SAP ?

This we can do mapping in SAP inventory management by using T code MIGO.

We can carry out scrap in various different way as per stock types.



Movement Type ‘551’: Scrapping from stock in quality inspection
Movement Type ‘553’: Scrapping from unrestricted-use stock
Movement Type ‘555’: Scrapping from blocked stock

In MIGO transaction, you need to select following options :
Goods Issue against others ( No document reference )

Input following :
  • Date of Posting
  • Document date.
  • Material Number
  • Quantity
  • Plant Code
  • Storage location
  • Movement type
  • Check -OK square Box
Choose Save button or post button.

System will generate the material document number along with an accounting document number. You can check from header of material document number.

Following accounting entries will be posted

Credit ( - ) to Stock account
Debit ( + ) to Inventory loss account.

From inventory i.e. stock account account material quantity will be reduced and it will get write off. 



Highseas Sales process implementation in SAP



HIGH SEA SALES



Business Example:
  • High Sea sales (HSS) is a sale  carried out by the carrier document consignee to another buyer while the goods are yet on high seas or after their dispatch from the port/ airport of origin and before their arrival at the port / airport of destination.

  •  HSS is accepted under the import trade control regulation.

  •  HSS contract/ agreement should be signed after dispatch of goods from origin & prior to their arrival at destination. The agreement should be on stamp paper.

  • On concluding the HSS agreement, the Bill of Ladding should be endorsed in favor of the new buyer. In respect of air shipment, HSS seller should write to the airline / consol agent informing that a HSS agreement has been established with the HSS buyer and that the carrier document should therefore be considered as endorsed in favor of the HSS  buyer and further the IGM should be filed by the carrier in the name of the HSS buyer.

  • If the EDI system allows name of HSS buyer to be entered in the system, then there may not be any need to amend the IGM. In this case the B/E is filed in the name of the original importer as the IGM is in this importer name. However , the B/E shows the name of HSS buyer under a separate head in the B/E format. If the system has no provision for showing the name of HSS buyer on the B/E ,then the IGM should be got amended and B/E filed in the name of the HSS buyer.

  • In the case of HSS , the CIF ( Cost Insurance and Freight ) value for calculation of duty is taken to be the HSS value.

  • HSS is considered as a sale carried out outside the territorial jurisdiction of India. Accordingly, no sales tax is levied in respect of HSS. The customs documents –Bill of Entry is either filed in the name of HSS buyer or such Bill of Entry has an endorsement indicating HSS buyer's name.

  • The title (Means ownership ) of goods transfers to HSS buyer prior to entry of goods in territorial jurisdiction of India. The delivery from customs is therefore on account of HSS buyer. The CENVAT credit in respect of CVD paid on import is entitled to HSS buyer.

  • HSS is also applicable to goods imported by air. Don't get confused on name of business process. As long as the sale is concluded after dispatch from airport / port of origin and before arrival at the first port of discharge / airport at destination, such sale is considered as HSS.


 Mapping in SAP



Saturday, 11 April 2015

How to handle stock transfer posting in SAP Inventory Management

STOCK Transfers in SAP
 Stock transfers can happen in two ways:
1.       Change in status only, no physical stock movement
2.       Change in physical status, movement from one location to another.
Let's discuss the change in status only. The possible business scenarios are as follows:
              Materials moved from Quality stock type to Unrestricted stock type
              Materials moved from Quality stock type to Blocked stock type
              Materials moved from Unrestricted stock type to Quality  stock type
              Materials moved from Unrestricted stock type to Block  stock type
              Materials moved from Block stock type to Unrestricted stock type
              Material to material movement
 Let's discuss the change in physical status only. The possible business scenarios are as follows:
              Stock movement from one storage location to another storage location
              Stock movement from one plant to another plant.
              Stock movement from one company to another.

Stock transfers (No physical movement )can happen via MIGO transaction by using different movement types.
Following movement types can be used while doing stock transfer posting
321 Transfer posting stock in quality inspection - unrestricted-use stock  
323 Transfer posting storage location to storage location - stock in quality inspection                                                                                                                       
325 Transfer posting storage location to storage location - blocked stock                   
343 Transfer posting blocked stock - unrestricted-use stock                                            
349 Transfer posting blocked stock - stock in quality inspection                                     

Stock transfers with physical movement can happen via MIGO transaction by using different movement types.
Following movement types can be used while doing stock transfers
301 Transfer posting plant to plant in one step                                                                      
303 Transfer posting plant to plant in two steps - removal from storage                        
305 Transfer posting plant to plant in two steps - placement in storage                           
311 Transfer posting storage location to storage location in one step                           
313 Stock transfer -  storage location to storage location in two steps -     removal from storage                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
315 Transfer posting storage location to storage location in two steps -  placement in storage                                                                                                                
351 Goods issue for a stock transport order (without SD)                                                  

Saturday, 4 April 2015

Interview Question in SAP Inventory Management









What are the types of special stocks available? 

Subcontracting, consignment, pipeline, project, sales order, RTP, stock transfer , third party.

What is meant by consignment stock?

The stock supplied by the vendor is in the companies premises with the company having no liability for the same.  The liability for the company will only be affected when the goods are issued from the consignment stock for use.


What is GR blocked stock? When it can be used? 

Whenever you are not sure about the quality of the product received, you can put in GR blocked stock. 

Controlled as the GRIR account is being affected

Problem is that after goods receipt and AFTER invoice verification, reversal of goods receipt is being done. Client wants this more controlled as the GRIR account is being affected. So no reversals to be done after Invoice verification.  How to approach this?

Make this setting: SPRO --> Materials Management --> Inventory Management and Physical Inventory --> Goods Receipt --> For GR-Based IV, Reversal of GR Despite Invoice
Here remove the tick against Mvt 102 & 122.
Now the system will not allow to return the Good at any case.   



Where the schedule margin key is customized?

You define the order float in the scheduling margin key, The scheduling margin key is copied from the material master. The float before production or float after production and the release period are defined in the scheduling margin key 
For Customizing for Shop Floor Control, by choosing Operations --> Scheduling --> Define Scheduling Margin Key . 
The scheduling margin key is assigned to the material ( MRP area in the material master) and is transferred when the production order is created.  These values can be changed in the production order.


SAP Inventory - Allow Negative stocks

In order to use negative stocks, you have to allow negative stock in customizing.

Only those materials for which negative stocks are activated in the material master, will be allowed to have negative stocks.

Customizing:  Transaction OMJ1 - Allowing Negative Stocks. 

First level: Valuation area. 
Choose for which valuation area you want to allow negative stocks and activate the flag.  Select the line of that valuation area and go to the plant level. 

Second level: Plant. 
When only one plant exists for that valuation area (this will always be the case in case the valuation area is defined as a plant), you see immediately a details screen with special stocks. 

Choose the special stocks that may go negative. Next use F3 or the green arrow to return to the overview of the plants. Select the plant and go the the storage location level. 

Third level: Storage Locations. 
Select for which storage locations negative stock is allowed. 
Save the whole lot. 
Negative stock will now be allowed in the selected storage locations for all materials that have the negative stock indicator activated in the material master in the storage 2 view. 


Maintain Storage Location

MMSC - Collective entry of Storage Location for a material. 
Insert new or delete un-used Storage Location. 
Maintain whether the storage location was included or excluded from MRP run. 

Block Storage Location from further posting

  1. You can block the storage location of a material without affecting the rest of the location using the same material.
  2. Create a Physical Inventory document for the storage location with transaction MI01
  3. Select the Posting Block checkbox.
  4. This would prevent transactions from occuring until you either post or delete the physical inventory document. (There are no impact, unless you do a post difference for the physical inventory document.) 
  5. Another method is to rename the storage location name. 
    1. Go to transaction OX09
    2.  Edit -> Copy as (copy the original storage location to a new name, replacing the first character e.g. ZXXX)
    3. Edit -> Delete    (delete the original storage location) 
    4. Do the reverse if you want back the original storage location. 
    5. Accounting document number range for MM
    6. Transaction OMW9 Document Type - Double click on desire transaction code to check the document type for number range.                               (e.g. MR21 Document type - PR) 
    7. Financial accounting document type - Assign the document type to a number range and account type. (e.g. PR  - Account type allowed for posting will be MS) 
    8. Double click on the document type PR. 
    9. Assign an unique starting number range that was not used.  e.g. 88 
    10. Choose the Account type for Material and G/L account (MS) 
    11. The rest of the fields are optional (you can leave it as blank) 

MBST: Reversal of cleared items in FI

When canceling a material document or an invoice posted with Transaction MR1M (Logistics Invoice Verification), the system generates error message F5802: 'Document includes already cleared items - reversal not possible'

This situation occurs if both goods receipt and an invoice for a purchase order item (scheduling agreement item) exist and the GR/IR clearing account has been cleared in this regard.

If you still want to cancel goods receipt with Transaction MBST or an invoice with Transaction MR8M, you must reset the corresponding cleared items beforehand in the accounting document using Transaction FBRA 'Reset cleared items. 

As an alternative, you can also carry out the correction described in Note 326707.
Difference Between Cancellation and Reversal 


 

What is the difference between cancellation and reversal?

Cancellation means total purchase item or a part of it can be cancelled when we feel it is not required and material has not yet  been received by the company.
    
Reversal means Purchase Return when the material has reached your company and you want to return it back due to some reason then you can go for reversal.

While doing MIGO, we can use cancellation and as well as reversal, what is the difference between the two?

In both cases,material is getting removed from inventory. But treatment in posting documentation is different. 
 
When we are doing partial goods return, then reversal can be used.













It's true that in both cases material is being removed from the stock but for different reasons and in different business processes.

Automate the opening of MM periods 

How can you automate the monthly opening of MM periods for transaction MMPV?

Following steps to be followed.
A. create a variant and check the attribute 'selection variable' for the parameter date. Then click the button 'Selection variables' and set the current date. Every time this variant is used the parameter DATE is filled with the current date.
B. Create a background job for RMMMPERI with the variant created in the preceding step. Set it as periodic.
C.This can be executed on each first day of month